Mobile machine applications are increasingly aimed at performing tasks autonomously. Companies encounter a multitude of challenges when striving for autonomous operations. Industrial production sites have often evolved over time, leading to a mix of modern and legacy equipment. That often results in issues such as missing interfaces, incompatible communication standards and software systems from different providers. A four-dimensional levels of autonomy framework is introduced to guide the development of autonomous machines and systems. The framework covers four dimensions: machine driving, machine manipulation, system operation and system mission. It integrates individual machine capabilities and system-wide autonomy aspects.

• Motivation to develop highly autonomous solutions
• Different elements and levels of autonomy of mobile machine systems
• How to utilize the framework for increased safety, situational awareness and productivity at the machine and worksite levels